A NEW ERA FOR FAMILIES: PARENTAL LEAVE RIGHTS REDEFINED BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

Date: 07/10/2025


On 3 October, the Constitutional Court handed down a unanimous judgment that will transform the parental leave system, taking a step towards gender equality and consideration for children’s best interests of children in parental care.

The matter stems from a 2023 High Court judgment in the matter of Werner van Wyk & Others v Minister of Employment and Labour. The High Court in Johannesburg declared that sections of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and corresponding provisions in the Unemployment Insurance Fund Act, which limit parental leave to the birth mother, are unconstitutional.

They are declared invalid to the extent that they unfairly discriminate between parents who are birth mothers, and other legally recognised parents, including fathers, parents of children born to same-sex parents, or through surrogacy, or have adopted children.

Werner van Wyk & Others v Minister of Employment and Labour. The High Court in Johannesburg declared that sections of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act and corresponding provisions in the Unemployment Insurance Fund Act, which limit parental leave to the birth mother, are unconstitutional.

They are declared invalid to the extent that they unfairly discriminate between parents who are birth mothers, and other legally recognised parents, including fathers, parents of children born to same-sex parents, or through surrogacy, or have adopted children.

Before the Constitutional Court, which was required to confirm the High Court’s finding on unconstitutionality, Lawyers for Human Rights acted on behalf of the amici curiae (friends of the court), being the Centre for Human Rights, Solidarity Centre, Labour Research Service, International Lawyers Assisting Workers Network and the Centre for Child Law. Our submissions emphasised the urgent need to incorporate the African philosophy of Ubuntu in recognising and elevating the value of women’s work — both at home and in the workplace — as part of decolonising South Africa’s labour landscape. Our submissions further argued for South Africa’s labour laws on parental leave to be brought in line with international and regional standards, with a strong focus on the constitutional rights to gender equality, decent work, family life, and the right of the child to have their best interests considered paramount (most important) in all matters affecting them.

The submissions further drew on comparative law and global best practices, highlighting concluding observations by international treaty bodies that stress the importance of more inclusive parental leave frameworks. In doing so, we advocated for progressive parental leave policies and labour laws that are rooted in equality and inclusivity, and which reflect the values of an open and democratic society.

The Constitutional Court confirmed the High Court’s finding and referred the matter to Parliament to change the legislation.

In the meantime, all parents will have the right to decide how they share the parental leave of four months and ten days which can be taken concurrently or consecutively.

The amici welcome the various positive aspects of the judgment, particularly in relation to the equality of children born outside of a nuclear family. However, the Court missed the opportunity to fully engage with the rights of children, in particular their right to have their best interests considered paramount in matters that affect them. It is crucial that children’s rights are expressly applied and developed in novel applications of the law, like in the context of parental care, to ensure they remain centred and relevant.

“The Court’s ruling takes a step towards placing dignity and equality in the heart of parental leave. It marks a vital step in valuing care work and modernising South Africa’s labour law. I hope the public will engage with Parliament when the time comes to substantively shape legislation that reflects the needs of all interested groups” said Kayan Leung, Head of the Gender Equality Programme at Lawyers for Human Rights.

Going forward, civil society, academia, and other stakeholders will need to join hands to provide the legislature with reliable research, and submissions for the design of a legislative framework which considers the full spectrum of needs of all involved.

A copy of the judgment can be found here

 

A special thanks to our legal team Adv Jatheen Bhima, Adv Tamika Thumbiran, Kayan Leung and Charné Tracey.

 

For further information, please contact:

Kayan Leung (Lawyers for Human Rights)

Head of Programme: Gender Equality Programme

Email: kayan@lhr.org.za

 

Liesl Muller(Centre for Child Law)

Senior Attorney

 

 

 

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