Press Statement | VICTORY FOR RABIE RIDGE COMMUNITY | SCA Upholds Constitutional Rights, Slams City of Joburg’s Unlawful Evictions

Date: 05/11/2025


Lawyers for Human Rights welcomes the landmark judgment delivered by the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another v Seale and Another on 20 October 2025.

This ruling brings essential clarity to the rule of law and the constitutionallimitations on municipal power. The SCA, in a unanimous decision authored by Justice Goosen JA, dismissed the City of Johannesburg’s application for leave to appeal against an earlier High Court ruling which had declared the City’s July 2023 evictions in Rabie Ridge unlawful and unconstitutional. The Court further ordered the City to bear the costs of the reconsideration and appeal proceedings.

At the core of the City’s appeal was its problematic reliance on the 2017 order granted by Sutherland J in the Gauteng High Court. The City erroneously claimed this order authorised it to “prevent unlawful land invasions” by demolishing structures already occupied by residents.

The SCA decisively rejected this interpretation. Justice Goosen emphasised that the Sutherland order was strictly limited to preventing future invasions and could not be stretched to evict or remove people who had already occupied land. The Court held that the order could not lawfully override essential constitutional and statutory safeguards, including those contained in the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (PIE).

Interpreting the order otherwise would have granted the City powers that are “extraordinary in scope” and inconsistent with procedural fairness and constitutional principles.

The SCA further clarified that orders issued against unidentified or indeterminate persons cannot serve as general edicts. Justice Goosen noted that the Sutherland order, granted against “unknown persons,” could not lawfully be invoked years later against an entirely different group of occupants.

The Court underscored that such orders “do not serve as standing decrees applicable to classes of persons not before the court at the time.” This ruling establishes a clear boundary for similar “anti-land invasion” orders nationwide, ensuring preventative interdicts cannot be misused as eviction mandates.

In reaffirming the High Court’s decision, the SCA found that the City’s actions on 14 and 21 July 2023, demolishing shelters and removing belongings of nearly 300 Rabie Ridge residents, amounted to unlawful evictions.

The judgment reinforces that the Sutherland order “does not serve to negate or override statutory and constitutional protections afforded to persons in the position of the respondents.”

Municipalities must comply with the Constitution and PIE before undertaking any eviction, ensuring affected persons receive due process, notice, and a fair hearing.

The lead applicant, Mr Seale, exemplifies the lived realities of South Africans who have endured decades of systemic housing failure. Mr Seale has lived in informal settlements since the 1990s and has been on the Gauteng Provincial Government’s Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing waiting list since 1996. Nearly thirty years later, he and hundreds of others remain without formal housing, raising families in conditions that are unsafe, undignified, and lacking essential services.

The City’s reliance on an old interdict instead of delivering housing solutions exposes a persistent failure to respect, protect, promote, and fulfil the rights of its poorest residents.

Lawyers for Human Rights calls on the City of Johannesburg to urgently provide a detailed and transparent plan to upgrade informal settlements and deliver housing.

“Informal settlements must be developed as human settlements with adequate services, not simply addressed to comply with a court judgement” said Louise Du Plessis, Head of the Land, Housing and Property Programme at Lawyers for Human Rights.

Municipalities have a constitutional duty to improve the lives of all residents, regardless of levels of poverty and to ensure dignity, safety, and opportunity for those living in informal housing.

This decision not only vindicates the Rabie Ridge community but restores clarity to the scope and application of the Sutherland judgement.

It reinforces the fundamental principle that all public authorities must act within the law while respecting the rights of the most vulnerable in our constitutional democracy!

For Information, contact:
Louise Du Plessis: Louise@lhr.org.za | 012 320 2943
Mpho Makhubela: Mpho@lhr.org.za | 012 320 2943

 

 

 

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